Silicon a single silicon atom consists of fourteen negatively. To plot voltampere characteristics of silicon pn junction diode. Ppt zener diode applications powerpoint presentation. Experiment 16 the pn junction introduction in this experiment on the physics of the pn junction, a determination is made of both the universal constant ek i. Zener diode is a pn junction diode specially designed to operate in the reverse biased mode. This pn diode applications are very useful for beginners. Pnjunction material characterisitcs experiment lab manual.
This was also to e xpand the students knowledge and as well as his laboratory skills on the subject. It is also called as esaki diode named after leo esaki, who in 1973 received the nobel prize in physics for discovering the electron tunneling effect used in these diodes. Objective the objective of this experiment is to measure the iv curve for pn junction diode and to understand the characteristics of pn junction. It has a particular voltage known as break down voltage, at which the diode break downs while reverse biased. Pn junction diode and characteristics of pn junction diode. A pn junction diode is a twoterminal electronics element, which can be classified as either step graded or linear graded. Worlds best powerpoint templates crystalgraphics offers more powerpoint templates than anyone else in the world, with over 4 million to choose from. By exploring the electrical properties of silicon, it is possible to acquire an understanding of the inner workings of the pn junction.
Pn junction diode is one of the fundamental elements in electronics. Pn junctions consist of two semiconductor regions of opposite type. Lecture 15 the pn junction diode i mit opencourseware. Junction diodes questions and answers electronics post. Using this process for silicon diodes produces two differently doped layers of silicon, which form a pn junction. A pn junction with open terminals excluding minority carriers f. To study and verify the functionality of a pn junction diode in forward bias b pointcontact diode in reverse bias components equipments required. Winner of the standing ovation award for best powerpoint templates from presentations magazine. This page of application notes section covers pn junction diode applications. A pn junction diode is twoterminal or twoelectrode semiconductor device, which allows the electric current in only one direction while blocks the electric current in opposite or reverse direction. A pn junction diode is a basic semiconductor device that controls the flow of electric current in a circuit.
They are also called pn diodes in analogy with vacuum diodes. Nov 23, 2017 tunnel diode in hindi tunnel diode by constant pagal. The pn junction biasing the pn junction the diode trouble shooting. Oct 22, 2016 pn junction diode experiment using breadboard and simple components duration. We imagine that one can bring both semiconductor regions together. In this type of diode, we dope one side of a semiconductor piece with an acceptor impurity and another side with a donor impurity. The pn junction is a versatile element, which can be used as a.
Definition ptype semiconductor is suitably joined to ntype semiconductor,to conduct surface is called pn junction. The barrier increase reduces the majority carrier diffusion to a negligible level. Pn junction diode in the reversebiased configuration is sensitive to light from a range between 400nm to nm, which includes visible light. A pn junction diode is formed when a ptype semiconductor is fused to an ntype semiconductor creating a potential barrier voltage across the diode junction the effect described in the previous tutorial is achieved without any external voltage being applied to the actual pn junction resulting in the junction being in a state of equilibrium. A pnjunction diode is formed when a ptype semiconductor is fused to an ntype semiconductor creating a potential barrier voltage across the. From the experiment, the following conclusions were drawn. Semiconductor diode questions and answers pdf free download posted on august 19, 2018 march 20, 2017 by engineer 2 comments posted in semiconductor diode questions. The pn junction the pn junction is a homojunction between a ptype and an ntype semiconductor. After the pn junction diode was developed in the year 1940s, the diode was first exercised as a highpower rectifier, lowfrequency during the year 1952. A pnjunction diode is formed when a ptype semiconductor is fused to an ntype semiconductor creating a potential barrier voltage across the diode junction the effect described in the previous tutorial is achieved without any external voltage being applied to the actual pn junction resulting in the junction being in a state of equilibrium. It is also required to obtain the capacitancevoltage characteristics of the diode. Jan, 2015 pn junction diode characteristics lab expriment 1. This lecture uncovers the basic science of semiconductor devices and solar cells, including pn junction and photovoltaic effects.
Pin diode working characteristics and its applications. You just need to take a battery whose values can be varied from o to v volts, connect its positive terminal to the pside of pn junction diode and then connect the negative terminal of battery to the nside of the pn junction diode. Undoped or intrinsic silicon has a lattice structure of atoms, each having four valence electrons, but p type silicon and. Most of the commercial leds are realized using a highly doped n and a p junction. Pn junction diode experiment using breadboard and simple components duration. Lecture 15 the pn junction diode i iv characteristics november 1, 2005 contents. A pn junction diode is a twoterminal electronics element, which can be classified as either. Diodes and diode circuits tlt8016 basic analog circuits 20052006. Conclusion this experiment focuses on the investigation of. The pin diode is an alteration of the pn junction for particular applications. Diode circuits tutorial pdf 25p this note covers the following topics. A simplified planar silicon diode is illustrated in fig.
Semiconductor physics semiconductors and diodessemiconductors. In the case of normal diodes the diode damages at the break down voltage. It acts as a diode, which can serve in electronics as a rectifier, logic gate, voltage regulator zener diode, switching or tuner varactor diode. If an external potential is applied to the terminals of pn junction, it will alter the potential between the p and nregions. Simplified physical structure construction on a cmos chip. In general, the cathode of a diode is marked by a solid line on the diode. The occurrence of an intrinsic layer can significantly increase the breakdown voltage for the application of high. A diode is also used as a temperature sensor 5, in which the linear relationship between the. The objective of this experiment is to measure the iv curve for pn junction diode and to understand the characteristics of pn junction. This was conducted as an introductory to electronics laboratory and in line with some topics in lecture classes. We can then fill in the junction region of the band diagram as. This experiment proved that diode controls the direction of the current.
Tunnel diode working principle and characteristics ece. Such junctions show a pronounced rectifying behavior. Semiconductor, silicon, pn junction, forward bias, reverse bias, diode. In forward bias condition, current is constant until certain voltage is reached. If we join a piece of p type material to a pieceof n type material such that the crystalstructure remains continuous at the boundary, a pn junction is formed 2. We were supposed to study the material characteristics of a pn junction diode, like i reverse saturation current, is and material constant, n ii energy band gap, eg iii depletion layer capacitance, cd.
The lead connected to the ptype material is called the anode and the lead connected to the ntype material is the cathode. Connect the circuit as shown in figure 1 using silicon pn junction diode. We now consider a pn diode with an applied bias voltage, va. The analysis is very similar to that of a metalsemiconductor junction.
A pn junction consists of two semiconductor regions with opposite doping type as shown in figure. Forward bias current flows reverse bias no current flow. Pdf electrical characterization of a pn junction diode. Diodes and diode circuits tlt8016 basic analog circuits 20052006 a. Iv characteristics pn junction diode reverse biasing a pn junction when the polarity of the battery is reversed, the cathode is connected to positive end of the battery and anode to negative. The contact surface between the layers of ptype and ntype semiconductor pieces plated together so as to form a pn junction is called the pn junction. I recently performed this experiment in the solid states lab during the ii semester for m. Najmabadi, ece65, winter 2012 high concentration of h on the p side holes diffuse towards the junction high concentration of e on the n side electrons diffuse towards the junction n side is positively charged because it has lost electrons. A pn junction is the metallurgical boundary between the n and pregions of a semiconductor crystal. To find cutin voltage for silicon pn junction diode.
P type and n type semiconductors, takenseparately are of very limited use. Tunnel diode in hindi tunnel diode by constant pagal. Working of pn junction diode with biasing, characteristics. Pn junction diode applications pn diode applications. Semiconductor pnjunction diodes physically, diodes are formed by the interface between two regions of oppositely doped semiconductor i. This potential difference can alter the flow of majority carriers, so that the pn junction can be used as an opportunity for the diffusion of. Tunnel diode is a highly doped semiconductor device and is used mainly for low voltage high frequency switching applications. This potential difference can alter the flow of majority carriers, so that the pn junction can be used as an opportunity for the diffusion of electrons and holes. Observation of characteristics of a zener diode debangshu mukherjee bs. Najmabadi, ece65, winter 2012 high concentration of h on the p side holes diffuse towards the junction high concentration of. A zener diode when forward biased behaves like an ordinary pn junction diode.
A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. This causes electrons from nregion to get attracted to positive terminal of the battery and holes by the negative terminal. Experiment 1 vi characteristics of diode 1 vi characteristics of diode aim. It has a positive p side and a negative n side created by adding impurities to.
If the diode is forward biased, it allows the electric current flow. Theyll give your presentations a professional, memorable appearance the kind of sophisticated look that todays audiences expect. The pn junction and the diode effect, current in the diode, the pn diode as a circuit element, circuit applications of ordinary diodes, power supplies, power supply filtering, split power supply, diode gate, diode protection. Pdf experiment on the physics of pn junction giacomo. Diodes and diode circuits tlt8016 basic analog circuits 20052006 26 large signal switching behavior. Ppt pn junction diode powerpoint presentation free to. Pn junction diode and diode characteristics electronicstutorials.
Also, it explains the phenomenon of shockleyqueisser limit. Image source forward biasing a pn junction diode is very simple. Full practical pn junction diode with readings, download pdf. Pnjunction diode and diode circuits 1 main properties of semiconductors 2 the pnjunction in equilibrium 3 the i v characteristics of the pnjunction 4 deviations from the ideal diode 5 analysis of the diode circuits 6 rectifier circuits. Conclusion this experiment focuses on the investigation of the basic characteristics of a diode. Jan 29, 2019 pn junction diode is one of the fundamental elements in electronics. A pn junction diode is made by forming a ptype region of material directly next to a ntype region. The pn junction is the fundamental building block of the electronic age.
When carriers are injected across a forwardbiased junction, it emits incoherent light. Diodes and diode circuits tlt8016 basic analog circuits 20052006 20 3. As shown in the figure, pn junction diode is a 2 terminal polarity sensitive device. Note that a pn junction diode cannot be made by simply pushing a piece of ptype against another of ntype. It is acting as normal diode while forward biasing. The region on the left is ptype with an acceptor density na, while the region on the right is ntype with a.
A light emitting diode led is essentially a pn junction diode. The forward biased iv characteristics of real pn diodes are affected by generation. Do not repeat the wording in the lab manual procedures. Pn junction diode baising and its vi characteristics. Why is silicon preferred over germanium in the manufacture of semiconductor devices. Apr 05, 2019 working of pn junction diode if an external potential is applied to the terminals of pn junction, it will alter the potential between the p and nregions.
In forwardbiased, the led turned on because the voltage of the power source overcame the. The semiconductor diode is formed by doping ptype impurity in one side and ntype of impurity in another side of the semiconductor crystal forming a pn junction as shown in the following figure. To study and verify the functionality of pn junction diode as series and shunt clippers. The forwardbiased voltage of diode is its barrier potential while the reversebiased voltage of diode is infinite over range which shows that the diode is in healthy condition. Figure 1 at the junction initially free charge carriers. From the above, it follows that zero power dissipation occurs in an ideal diode. In this article, the forward and reverse biases characteristics of a pn junction diode using a keithley 2400 source measure unit were measured and the important parameters of diode such as.
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